Climate change will manifest itself primarily through changes in average temperature and precipitation, which are important drivers of the water cycle and hence the seasonal occurrence and flows of water in soils, lakes, rivers, wetlands, and groundwater aquifers. Climate change is a serious threat, with potentially very adverse impacts on the socio-economic conditions in the Nile Basin, on its environment and on the ongoing efforts to establish a mutually agreed upon mechanism to manage the shared Nile water resources.